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Barlaam and Josaphat
Barlaam and Josaphat ((ラテン語:Barlamus et Iosaphatus)) are two legendary Christian martyrs and saints, their story probably based ultimately on the life of the Buddha.〔John Walbridge ''The Wisdom of the Mystic East: Suhrawardī and Platonic Orientalism'' Page 129 – 2001 "The form Būdhīsaf is the original, as shown by Sogdian form Pwtysfi and the early New Persian form Bwdysf. ... On the Christian versions see A. S. Geden, Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, s.v. "Josaphat, Barlaam and," and M. P. Alfaric, ..."〕 It tells how an Indian king persecuted the Christian Church in his realm. When astrologers predicted that his own son would some day become a Christian, the king imprisoned the young prince Josaphat, who nevertheless met the hermit Saint Barlaam and converted to Christianity. After much tribulation the young prince's father accepted the true faith, turned over his throne to Josaphat, and retired to the desert to become a hermit. Josaphat himself later abdicated and went into seclusion with his old teacher Barlaam.〔(The Golden Legend: The Story of Barlaam and Josaphat )〕 The tale derives from a second to fourth century Sanskrit Mahayana Buddhist text, via a Manichee version, then the Arabic ''Kitab Bilawhar wa-Yudasaf'' (Book of Bilawhar and Yudasaf), current in Baghdad in the eighth century, from where it entered into Middle Eastern Christian circles before appearing in European versions. The two were entered in the Eastern Orthodox calendar with a feast-day on 26 August,〔Great Synaxaristes : ''(Ὁ Ὅσιος Ἰωάσαφ γιὸς τοῦ βασιλιὰ τῆς Ἰνδίας Ἄβενιρ ).'' 26 Αυγούστου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.〕 and in the Roman Martyrology in the Western Church as "Barlaam and Josaphat" on the date of 27 November.
==Buddhist original==
The story of the two Indian saints was ultimately derived, through a variety of intermediate versions (Arabic and Georgian), from the life story of the Buddha.〔〔
Wilfred Cantwell Smith (1981) traced the story from a 2nd to 4th century Sanskrit Mahayana Buddhist text, to a Manichee version, which then found its way into Muslim culture as the Arabic ''Kitab Bilawhar wa-Yudasaf'' (Book of Bilawhar and Yudasaf), which was current in Baghdad in the 8th century.〔Wilfred Cantwell Smith ''Towards a World Theology,'' Westminster, 1981〕
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